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4.
Rev. patol. respir ; 14(1): 19-22, ene.-mar. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-98416

RESUMO

Las bullas gigantes son espacios aéreos parenquimatosos, producidos por el atrapamiento de aire en su interior, que ocupan al menos un tercio del hemitórax y que provocan el colapso del parénquima pulmonar adyacente a ellas. Presentamos un fenómeno infrecuente denominado autobullectomía, que consiste en la regresión espontánea, total o parcial, de una bulla preexistente. Existen muy pocos casos descritos en la literatura y el nuestro es el primero que se manifi esta de forma bilateral y simultánea, asociado a una espectacular mejoría en las pruebas de función respiratoria (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Enfisema Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Vesícula/complicações , Broncopatias/fisiopatologia , Recidiva , Dispneia/etiologia
9.
Prev. tab ; 10(2): 63-72, abr.-jun. 2008. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-78961

RESUMO

El tabaquismo representa un grave problema de salud pública que afecta de forma diferente a los diversos grupos socioeconómicos, siendo mayor en los estamentos con menores recursos económicos. Se ha impulsado como prioritario el estudio de la relación entre grupos de pobreza y consumo de tabaco, con base a elaborar medidas preventivas y políticas de salud pública, que permitan una intervención eficaz en los grupos marginales de los países desarrollados y en la población general de los países envías de desarrollo. Se ha propuesto esta revisión para describir los estudios y líneas de investigación desarrolladas hasta la actualidad, basándose en la evidencia disponible, como base para investigaciones futuras en este tema (AU)


The tobacco represents a serious problem of public health that affects in way different to the diverse socioeconomic groups, being bigger in the estamentos with smaller economic resources. It has been impelled as high-priority, the study of the relationship between groups of poverty and consumption of tobacco, with base to elaborate preventive and political measures of public health that allow an effective intervention in the marginal groups of the developed countries and in the general population of the developing countries. He/she has intended this revision to describe the studies and investigation lines developed until the present time, being based on the available evidence, like base for future investigations in this topic (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pobreza/estatística & dados numéricos , Pobreza/tendências , Áreas de Pobreza , Fumar/epidemiologia , Tabagismo/epidemiologia , Saúde Pública/tendências , Países em Desenvolvimento/estatística & dados numéricos , Países Desenvolvidos/estatística & dados numéricos , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade , Enquete Socioeconômica
11.
Prev. tab ; 9(2): 57-63, abr.-jun. 2007. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-78926

RESUMO

Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia y actitudes sobre el consumo de tabaco en estudiantes universitarios de las diplomaturas de Ciencias dela Salud (CS), Ciencias de la Educación (CE) y Estudios Sociales (ES) de la Universidad de Zaragoza, todas ellas con repercusión como modelo social a imitar. Pacientes y método: Estudio descriptivo transversal mediante cuestionario anónimo, voluntario y autoadministrado que recogía datos personales y preguntas sobre actitudes y conocimientos de los efectos del tabaco. La población diana estuvo compuesta por los estudiantes con asignaturas de primer y tercer curso de las diplomaturas previamente citadas. Resultados: Se recogieron 450 encuestas válidas (180 alumnos de Ciencias de la Educación y Estudios Sociales respectivamente) y 90 de Ciencias de la Educación, con una distribución por cursos al 50% entre 1º y 3º. Por género, el 82,4% eran mujeres y el 17,5% hombres, con una edad media global de 21,42 ± 4,8 años. Se observó que el 45,3% eran fumadores (35,4% en hombres y 47,4% en mujeres), 9,1% exfumadores y el 45,6% nunca habían fumado. Ciencias de la Salud es la carrera donde menos fumadores encontramos 31,1%, seguido de Ciencias de la Educación con un 46,7% y Estudios Sociales con un 51,1%. Conclusiones: Los universitarios encuestados presentan cifras similares de fumadores que la población de su edad. Mayor prevalencia del hábito tabáquico en mujeres que en hombres como se viene observando en los últimos estudios. Menor consumo de tabaco en los estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud que en los de Ciencias de la Educación y Estudios Sociales (AU)


Objective: Know the prevalence and attitudes and the consumption of tobacco in university students in the Sciences of Health (SH) careers, Sciences of Education (SE) and Social Studies (SS) of the University of Zaragoza, all of them with a repercussion as a social model to imitate. Patients and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study using an anonymous, voluntary and self-applied questionnaire that collected personal data and asked about attitudes and knowledge on the effects of tobacco.The target population was made up of the students in the subject staught in the first and third year of the previously mentioned careers. Results: A total of 450 valid surveys were collected (180 students from Sciences of Education and Social Studies, respectively) and 90 from Sciences of Education, with the distribution per course at 50% between the first and third year. By gender, 82.4% were women and 17.5% men with a mean global age of 21.42 ± 4.8 years. It was observed that 45.3% smoked (35.4% in men and 47.4% in women), 9.1% ex-smokers and 45.6% had never smoked. Sciences of Health is the career having the least number of smokers, there being 31.1%, followed by Sciences of Education with 46.7% and Social Studies with 51.1%. Conclusions: The university students who were surveyed had similar values of being smokers as the population of their age. There was greater prevalence of the smoking habit in women than in men as has been observed in recent studies and less consumption of tobacco in the students from Sciences of Health than in those from Sciences of Education and Social Studies (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/prevenção & controle , Fumar/epidemiologia , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/tendências , Serviços de Saúde para Estudantes/tendências , Estudantes de Ciências da Saúde/psicologia , Educação/métodos , Estudantes/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos Transversais , 24419 , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia
12.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 66(5): 475-80, 2007 May.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17517202

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Children are highly vulnerable to damage from passive smoking as they are unable to avoid environmental tobacco, if present. Some reports have suggested that domestic exposure to environmental tobacco smoke can increase respiratory diseases in children. The aim of this study was to assess whether domestic passive smoking is associated with new respiratory events. METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective study was performed of 410 children aged less than 14 years old. The variables studied were: a) smokers in the household, b) the number of cigarettes smoked per day, c) school attendance, d) the number of siblings, e) previous respiratory diseases among parents and siblings, f) maternal smoking in pregnancy, and g) the number of respiratory events recorded in the previous year. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 50.2 % of the children cohabited with smokers at home. The mean number of upper respiratory tract events per child living in environments free of tobacco smoke was 2.53 versus 3.52 when one of the household members smoked. For respiratory disease as a whole, an inverse association with age was found [OR = 0.83; (95 % CI: 0.76-0.90)] and a direct association was found with maternal smoking [OR = 4.56 (95 % CI; 1.84-11.34)]. With upper respiratory tract disease, the OR was 1.4 if the mother smoked 11-20 cigarettes/day, and was 1.9 if the number of cigarettes was > 20. With lower respiratory diseases, the odds ratio was 3.48 (95 % CI; 2.07-6.06) if the mother smoked. CONCLUSIONS: Fifty percent of the children studied were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke in the home. Younger children were at higher risk. The major risk factor for respiratory disease was maternal smoking and the risk increased with the number of cigarettes smoked. Health education is essential to protect children from tobacco smoke exposure.


Assuntos
Poluição do Ar em Ambientes Fechados/efeitos adversos , Doenças Respiratórias/etiologia , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mães , Estudos Retrospectivos
13.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 66(5): 475-480, mayo 2007. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-054541

RESUMO

Objetivos: Los niños son muy vulnerables al tabaquismo pasivo dado que no pueden evitar la exposición al tabaco si ésta se presenta. Hay datos indicativos de que la exposición doméstica al humo de tabaco puede aumentar la patología respiratoria en la infancia. El objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar si la exposición se asociaba a la aparición de nuevos episodios respiratorios. Métodos: Se estudiaron 410 menores de 14 años. Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo. Variables: a) fumadores entre los convivientes; b) cigarrillos/día; c) escolarización; d) hermanos; e) antecedentes patológicos respiratorios en los padres/hermanos; f) tabaquismo materno durante la gestación, y g) episodios respiratorios registrados en el ultimo año. Se hizo análisis univariante, bivariante y multivariante. Resultados: El 50,2 % de los niños conviven con fumadores en el hogar. La media de episodios de vías altas por cada niño con hogar libre de exposición al tabaco fue de 2,53 frente a 3,52 episodios que aparecieron en caso de existir fumadores en la casa. Para el conjunto de patología respiratoria se observó relación inversa con la edad: odds ratio (OR): 0,83 (intervalo de confianza del 95 % [IC 95 %]: 0,76-0,90) y directa con el hábito tabáquico de la madre: OR: 4,56 (IC 95 %: 1,84-11,34). Patología de vías altas, si la madre fuma 11-20 cigarrillos, OR: 1,4, y si fuma más de 20, OR: 1,9. Patología de vías bajas, si la madre fuma: OR: 3,48 (IC 95 %: 2,07-6,06). Conclusiones: Uno de cada 2 menores está expuesto al humo de tabaco en el hogar. Los riesgos son mayores cuando menor es la edad. El hábito tabáquico de la madre es el que más influye y se incrementa en función del número de cigarrillos. La educación sanitaria es fundamental para proteger a los niños del humo del tabaco


Objectives: Children are highly vulnerable to damage from passive smoking as they are unable to avoid environmental tobacco, if present. Some reports have suggested that domestic exposure to environmental tobacco smoke can increase respiratory diseases in children. The aim of this study was to assess whether domestic passive smoking is associated with new respiratory events. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective study was performed of 410 children aged less than 14 years old. The variables studied were: a) smokers in the household, b) the number of cigarettes smoked per day, c) school attendance, d) the number of siblings, e) previous respiratory diseases among parents and siblings, f) maternal smoking in pregnancy, and g) the number of respiratory events recorded in the previous year. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: A total of 50.2 % of the children cohabited with smokers at home. The mean number of upper respiratory tract events per child living in environments free of tobacco smoke was 2.53 versus 3.52 when one of the household members smoked. For respiratory disease as a whole, an inverse association with age was found [OR = 0.83; (95 % CI: 0.76-0.90)] and a direct association was found with maternal smoking [OR = 4.56 (95 % CI; 1.84-11.34)]. With upper respiratory tract disease, the OR was 1.4 if the mother smoked 11-20 cigarettes/day, and was 1.9 if the number of cigarettes was > 20. With lower respiratory diseases, the odds ratio was 3.48 (95 % CI; 2.07-6.06) if the mother smoked. Conclusions: Fifty percent of the children studied were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke in the home. Younger children were at higher risk. The major risk factor for respiratory disease was maternal smoking and the risk increased with the number of cigarettes smoked. Health education is essential to protect children from tobacco smoke exposure


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Doenças Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Tabaco/toxicidade , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/efeitos adversos , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco/prevenção & controle , Tabagismo/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise Multivariada , 24419
14.
Prev. tab ; 8(4): 148-155, oct.-dic. 2006. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-78911

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: Valorar características y efectividad delas recomendaciones de deshabituación tabáquica de fumadores tras un infarto agudo de miocardio a 5 años. Material y métodos: Se analizaron 310 infartos ocurridos en 1998 de éstos se analizaron 64 fumadores activos, se realizó seguimiento durante 5 años, analizándose: sexo, edad, factores de riesgo, características del IAM, dependencia nicotínica (test de Fagerström) y motivación(test de Richmond) de los que abandonaron el tabaco y de los que continuaban. Las variables cuantitativas con distribución normal se expusieron con la media, con la mediana si la distribución no fue normal. La comparación de variables cualitativas continuas se utilizaron test paramétricos y no paramétricos (χ2 y U de Mann-Whitney). Resultados: Tras el evento cardiológico a los 5 años el 37,5% (24/64) continúan fumando y el 62,5% (40/64) abandonaron el tabáquico. Existió mayor abandono en pacientes con IAM anterolateral extenso y fracción de eyección (FE) moderadamente deprimida, (p = 0,05). No existiendo relación estadísticamente significativa para abandono o persistencia del hábito la presencia o no de otros factores de riesgo asociados, ni respecto a dependencia y motivación, ni entre edad de inicio (17,85 años vs 16,93 años), años de consumo (36,95 vs 49,17) y nº de cigarrillos/día consumidos (20,5 vs 21,25). Conclusiones: Existe relación con el cese del hábito tabáquico con las características del IAM, extensión de éste y FE, sin tener relación edad, dependencia, motivación factores de riesgo asociados, nº cigarrillos/día, edad de inicio, años de consumo (AU)


Introduction and objectives: Assess characteristics and effectiveness of tobacco dehabituation recommendations for smokers after acute myocardial infarction at 5 years. Material and methods: A total of 310 infarctions that occurred in 1998 were analyzed. Of these, 64 active smokers were followed-up for 5 years, analyzing: gender, age, risk factors, AMI characteristics, nicotine dependence (Fagerstrom test) and motivation (Richmond test)for those who gave up smoking and those who continued. The quantitative variables with normal distribution were expressed with the mean, and with median if the distribution was not normal. Comparison of continuous qualitative variables was done with parametric and non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney χ2 and U test).Results: At 5 years of the cardiological event, 37.5% (24/64) continued smoking and 62.5% (40/64) had given up smoking. There was greater abandonment in patients with extensive anterolateral AMI and moderately depressed ejection fraction (EF) (p = 0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship for abandonment or persistence of the habit, presence or not of other risk factors, or in regards to dependence and motivation, nor between onset age (17.85 years vs. 19.93 years), years of consumption (36.95 vs 49.17) and no. of cigarettes/day consumed(20.5 vs 21.25). Conclusions: There is a relationship with abandoning the smoking habit with the characteristics of AMI, its extension and EF, without any relationship to age, dependence, motivation, associated risk factor, no. of cigarettes/day, onset age, years of consumption(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Abandono do Uso de Tabaco/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Doença das Coronárias/epidemiologia , Tabagismo/epidemiologia , Prevenção Secundária , Doença das Coronárias/complicações , Doença das Coronárias/prevenção & controle , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade
15.
Prev. tab ; 8(4): 164-173, oct.-dic. 2006. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-78914

RESUMO

El tabaquismo representa un grave problema de salud pública. Se ha impulsado la búsqueda de marcadores de exposición ambiental o individual al humo del tabaco que permitan evaluar tanto medidas preventivas y políticas de salud pública, como poder verificar la exposición o constatar que el tratamiento se cumple. Como no existe el marcador ideal, se ha propuesto esta revisión para describir los principales marcadores biológicos y ambientales descritos hasta la actualidad y basándose en la evidencia disponible establecer sus principales indicaciones y su posible aplicabilidad (AU)


Smoking is a serious public health problem. It has led to the search for environmental or individual exposition markers of tobacco smoke that make it possible to evaluate preventive and political public health measures. This could be being able to verify the exposition or stating which treatment is complied with. As there is no ideal marker, this review was proposed to describe the principal biological and environmental markers described up to now and, based on the available evidence, establish their principal indications and possible applicability (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Biomarcadores Farmacológicos/análise , Fumar/epidemiologia , Tabagismo/diagnóstico , Nicotina/efeitos adversos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Monóxido de Carbono/efeitos adversos , Intoxicação por Monóxido de Carbono , Carboxihemoglobina/uso terapêutico , Psicotrópicos/efeitos adversos , Cotinina/efeitos adversos , Anabasina/efeitos adversos , Saúde Ambiental/estatística & dados numéricos
17.
Prev. tab ; 8(3): 108-115, jul.-sept. 2006. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-050265

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: Valorar la repercusión del consumo de tabaco y su cese, en pacientes que han presentado un infarto agudo demiocardio y su seguimiento a 5 años. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron sólo fumadores activos (64 casos), excluyéndose exfumadores, no fumadores y fallecidos en el mismo evento y se realizó seguimiento a 5 años, analizándose: sexo, edad, factores de riesgo asociados, eventos cardiovasculares posteriores, y características del IAM de los que abandonaron el tabaco y de los que persistíaél. Las variables cuantitativas con distribución normal se expusieron con la media, con la mediana si la distribución no era normal. La comparación de variables cualitativas continuas se utilizaron test paramétricos y no paramétricos (χ2 y U de Mann-Whitney). Resultados: A los 5 años el 37,5% (24/64) continúan fumando (edad media 59,43 años) y el 62,5% (40/64) abandonaron el tabáquico (edad media 53, 58 años). Los pacientes que continuaban fumando presentabanun mayor riesgo de presentar episodio cardiovascular que los que abandonaban el hábito tabáquico (70,8% vs 17,5%), existía una mayor mortalidad y un peor grado funcional. Conclusiones: La persistencia del tabaquismo después de un IAM se asocia a mayor riesgo de padecer un segundo episodio cardiovascular respecto a los pacientes que dejan de fumar. Se debería incidir en desarrollo de protocolos de deshabituación tabáquica con el fin de aumentar el porcentaje de éxito en los pacientes cardiovasculares (AU)


Material and methods: 310 myocardial infarctions that occurred in 1998 were analysed, in the follow-up were included the active smokers(64 patients), excluding the ex-smokers, non-smokers and the deceased in the same cardiovascular event, a study has been conducted of these five years later, analysing sex, age, existence of risk factors associated with the consumption of tobacco and characteristics of those that abandoned the use of tobacco and those that persisted in its use, following cardiovascular events, characteristics of the myocardial infarction. The quantitative variables with normal distribution were exposed with the average and with the median if the distribution was not normal. In the comparison of continuous cualitative variables, parametric and non parametrictests were used (χ2 and U of Mann-Whitney). Results: After 5 years, 37.5% (40/64) abandoned smoking, and 24 (37.5%) persisted in its consumption. The average age of the groups was 53.58 and 59.43 years old respectively. After 5 years, the patients that continued smoking presented a higher risk of presenting a cardiovascular episode than those that abandoned their smoking habit (70.8% vs 17.5%) as well as a higher mortality rate end worse functioning level. Conclusions: The persistence of tobacco use after a myocardial infarction is associated with a higher risk of having a second cardiovascular event in respect to the patients that stopped smoking. We should incite in the development of protocols of stop smoking with the end of increasing the percentage of success in cardiovascular patients (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Humanos , Tabagismo/complicações , Tabagismo/efeitos adversos , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Risco Ajustado/métodos , Abandono do Uso de Tabaco/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença das Coronárias/epidemiologia , Aconselhamento Diretivo , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia
20.
Prev. tab ; 8(2): 70-79, abr.-jun. 2006. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-050256

RESUMO

El tabaquismo es la principal causa de morbi-mortalidad en los países desarrollados. Las Cortes españolas aprobaron el pasado diciembre del año 2005 la ley de medidas sanitarias frente al tabaquismo y reguladora de la venta, el suministro, el consumo y la publicidad de los productos del tabaco. La entrada en vigor de esta ley facilitará una mayor sensibilización de la población general para el control y el tratamiento del tabaquismo. Todos los profesionales sanitarios deberemos estar preparados para afrontar mayores demandas de nuestros pacientes en relación con el control del tabaquismo. No existe en nuestro país ningún tipo de regularización oficial sobre los contenidos docentes que deban ser expuestos a lo largo de un curso formativo en prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento del tabaquismo. El Área de Tabaquismo de la SociedadEspañola de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica siempre ha sido pionera, en nuestro país, en la redacción de normativas y recomendaciones sobre los diferentes aspectos del tabaquismo. En este artículo se aborda cuales deben ser los contenidos docentes que se enseñen en los cursos formativos sobre tabaquismo. Se hace una descripción de acuerdo a diferentes aspectos de esta disciplina: epidemiología, patología asociada al consumo del tabaco, aspectos psico-sociales, aspectos neuro-farmacológicos, intervención mínima, diagnóstico y tratamiento del tabaquismo, terapia psicológica y tratamiento farmacológico (AU)


Smoking habit is the main cause of morbidity-mortality in developed countries. The Spanish Parliament passed the law on Health Care measures against the smoking habit and regulation of sales, supply, consumption and advertising of tobacco products last December 2005. The entry of this law into force will provide greater sensitization of the general population for control and treatment of smoking. All health care professionals should be prepared to face greater demands from our patients in regards to the control of smoking. In our country, there is no typeof official regularization on the teaching content that should be included in a training course regarding prevention, diagnosis and treatment of smoking. The Smoking Habit Area of the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery has always been a pioneer in our country in the writing of regulations and recommendations on the different aspects of the smoking habit. This article speaks about what the teaching contents taught in the training course on the smoking habit should be. It makes a description according to different aspects of this discipline: epidemiology, diseases associated to smoking, psycho-social aspects, neuro-pharmacological aspects, minimum intervention, diagnosis and treatment of smoking habit, psychotherapy and drug therapy (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Tabagismo , Educação Médica Continuada/métodos , 34600 , Currículo , Tabagismo
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